Physiological Parameter

Biofeedback makes visible the body’s own signals that usually run unnoticed. On this overview page you will find our devices and sensors organised by the physiological parameter they measure – from skin conductance and heart rate variability to brainwaves and muscle activity. Each parameter suits different training goals and can be recorded on its own or in combination.

The parameters at a glance

Skin conductance (GSR)

Skin conductance responds sensitively to activation and relaxation and is measured via sweat gland activity. It is commonly used in relaxation and stress-management training.

Suitable devices: eSense Skin Response (Bluetooth sensor), MindMaster Bio & BioNeuro.

Temperature

Peripheral skin temperature at the fingers or toes is related to blood circulation and the state of relaxation. Temperature biofeedback is used for body awareness and relaxation training.

Suitable devices: eSense Temperature, skin temperature sensors, MindMaster Bio & BioNeuro.

HRV / Pulse

Heart rate variability (HRV) describes the variation in timing between heartbeats and is regarded as an indicator of the regulatory capacity of the autonomic nervous system. It is used in stress management, recovery and research.

Suitable devices: eSense Pulse, Bittium FAROS 180/360, Kubios HRV (Team Readiness & Scientific), MindMaster Bio & BioNeuro, pulse and pulse oximeter sensors.

Breathing

Breathing rate and depth are closely linked to the level of activation. Breathing biofeedback supports learning a calm, even breathing pattern.

Suitable devices: eSense Respiration, professional breathing belt, MindMaster Bio & BioNeuro.

EEG (neurofeedback)

The electroencephalogram (EEG) records the electrical activity of the brain. Neurofeedback is used for concentration and relaxation training as well as in research.

Suitable devices: eSense EEGenius (neurofeedback home training), MindMaster Neuro & BioNeuro, neurofeedback software modules.

EMG (muscle activity)

Electromyography (EMG) measures the electrical activity of the muscles. EMG biofeedback is used in physiotherapy, rehabilitation, sports science and relaxation training.

Suitable devices: eSense Muscle (Home & Pro), NeuroTrac Simplex, NeuroTrac MyoPlus 2 Pro, MindMaster Bio & BioNeuro.

Note: The model number of the MindMaster series (e.g. 4, 9, 11) is a model designation and does not correspond to the number of measurement channels.

For practice, research and home use

Our systems cover the full range: compact Bluetooth sensors of the eSense series for training at home, professional multi-channel systems of the MindMaster series for practice and clinic, and specialised solutions such as Kubios HRV and the Bittium FAROS recorders for scientific applications. All devices are supplied with documentation.

Related categories: Skin Conductance, Temperature, HRV / Pulse, Breathing, EEG, EMG.